Complete Haemogram

Complete Haemogram, also known as a Complete Blood Count (CBC), is a comprehensive blood test that provides essential information about the cellular components of blood, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions. This test measures several key parameters, including red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct), which help assess oxygen-carrying capacity and diagnose anemia. It also counts white blood cells (WBCs), which are crucial for the immune response, and evaluates platelet levels, vital for blood clotting. Additional indices, such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW), offer insights into the size and variation of red blood cells, further aiding in the classification of different types of anemia. By analyzing these components, a Complete Haemogram helps healthcare providers detect infections, blood disorders, and various other health issues, making it a fundamental tool in routine health assessments and disease management. Regular monitoring through a haemogram is crucial for maintaining overall health and ensuring timely intervention when necessary.

Lipid Profile

A Lipid Profile is a blood test that measures the levels of various types of fats (lipids) in the bloodstream, providing essential information about cardiovascular health. Key components of the lipid profile include total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. Total cholesterol levels should ideally be below 200 mg/dL, while LDL cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, should be less than 100 mg/dL to reduce the risk of heart disease. In contrast, HDL cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol, should be above 60 mg/dL for protective effects. Triglycerides, another type of fat, should typically be below 150 mg/dL. By analyzing these components, the lipid profile helps assess an individual's risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular conditions, guiding healthcare providers in recommending lifestyle changes or treatments to improve heart health. Regular monitoring of lipid levels is crucial for effective management of cardiovascular risks.

Liver Function Test (LFT)

A Liver Function Test (LFT) is a crucial diagnostic tool that evaluates the health and functionality of the liver by measuring various enzymes, proteins, and substances produced or processed by this vital organ. Key components of the LFT include alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), both of which indicate liver damage or inflammation when elevated. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is measured to assess bile duct function, with high levels potentially signaling obstruction or liver disease. Bilirubin, both total and direct, is also analyzed, as elevated bilirubin levels can indicate liver dysfunction or hemolysis. Additionally, the test measures albumin, a protein produced by the liver, with low levels suggesting liver impairment. By analyzing these parameters, healthcare providers can diagnose various liver conditions, monitor disease progression, and evaluate treatment efficacy, making LFTs essential for managing liver health.

Renal Function Test without Urine Routine (RFT)

A Renal Function Test (RFT) without a urine routine is a blood test that assesses the kidneys' ability to filter waste products from the blood and maintain overall fluid and electrolyte balance. Key components of the RFT include blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, which are critical indicators of kidney health. Elevated BUN levels can suggest dehydration or impaired kidney function, while high creatinine levels typically indicate reduced kidney filtration capability. The test also calculates the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), providing an estimate of how well the kidneys are functioning based on creatinine levels, age, sex, and sometimes race. Normal eGFR values generally exceed 60 mL/min/1.73 m²; lower values indicate possible kidney disease. By evaluating these parameters, RFTs help diagnose conditions such as chronic kidney disease, monitor disease progression, and guide treatment decisions, making them essential for managing renal health.

Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a blood test that measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months. It provides insight into long-term glucose control and is a key indicator for managing diabetes. HbA1c reflects the percentage of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, that has glucose attached to it. Normal HbA1c levels are generally below 5.7%. A result between 5.7% and 6.4% indicates prediabetes, while a level of 6.5% or higher on two separate tests is diagnostic for diabetes. This test is especially useful for monitoring the effectiveness of diabetes treatment and making necessary adjustments. Unlike daily blood glucose tests, which can fluctuate, HbA1c offers a more stable view of glucose management over time, making it an essential tool for patients and healthcare providers in the management of diabetes.

Fasting Blood Glucose

Fasting blood glucose is a test that measures the level of glucose in your blood after an overnight fast of at least 8 hours. This test is essential for assessing how well your body manages blood sugar levels and is commonly used to diagnose and monitor diabetes and prediabetes. Normal fasting blood glucose levels typically range from 70 to 99 mg/dL. Levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL indicate prediabetes, while a reading of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests suggests diabetes. The test is simple and quick, requiring only a blood sample, and it helps healthcare providers determine the best approach to managing blood sugar and overall health. Regular monitoring of fasting blood glucose is crucial for those at risk of or living with diabetes to prevent complications and ensure effective management.

Postprandial Blood Glucose

Postprandial blood glucose is a test that measures blood sugar levels after eating, typically conducted two hours after a meal. This test is essential for assessing how well the body processes glucose and is particularly useful for diagnosing and managing diabetes. Monitoring postprandial blood glucose helps healthcare providers understand an individual's insulin response and dietary impacts on blood sugar levels, allowing for tailored treatment plans and dietary recommendations. Regular assessment of postprandial glucose is crucial for effective diabetes management, helping to prevent complications and promote overall health.

Thyroid Profile (TFT) [T3,T4,TSH]

A Thyroid Profile, or Thyroid Function Test (TFT), evaluates the levels of key hormones—triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)—to assess thyroid function and diagnose related disorders. T3 is crucial for regulating metabolism and energy levels, with normal levels typically ranging from 80 to 220 ng/dL. T4, the primary hormone produced by the thyroid gland, is essential for growth and metabolic processes, generally falling between 5.0 and 12.0 µg/dL. TSH, produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates the thyroid to release T3 and T4; normal TSH levels are usually between 0.4 and 4.0 mIU/L. Elevated TSH levels can indicate hypothyroidism, while low levels may suggest hyperthyroidism. By analyzing these hormone levels, healthcare providers can diagnose conditions like thyroid disorders and monitor treatment efficacy, making the TFT a critical tool in managing thyroid health.

Total Prostate Specific Antigen - PSA

Total Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells of the prostate gland, and its levels in the blood are commonly measured to assess prostate health. The PSA test is primarily used as a screening tool for prostate cancer and to monitor patients diagnosed with the disease. Normal PSA levels typically range from 0 to 4 ng/mL, though these values can vary based on age and individual health factors. Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer, but they can also result from benign conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis. Because the PSA test is not specific to cancer, abnormal results often lead to further investigation, which may include repeat testing or biopsy. Regular monitoring of PSA levels is crucial for men, particularly those over the age of 50 or those with a family history of prostate cancer, as early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates. The decision to undergo PSA screening should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider, considering individual risk factors and preferences.