Complete Haemogram

Complete Haemogram, also known as a Complete Blood Count (CBC), is a comprehensive blood test that provides essential information about the cellular components of blood, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions. This test measures several key parameters, including red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct), which help assess oxygen-carrying capacity and diagnose anemia. It also counts white blood cells (WBCs), which are crucial for the immune response, and evaluates platelet levels, vital for blood clotting. Additional indices, such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW), offer insights into the size and variation of red blood cells, further aiding in the classification of different types of anemia. By analyzing these components, a Complete Haemogram helps healthcare providers detect infections, blood disorders, and various other health issues, making it a fundamental tool in routine health assessments and disease management. Regular monitoring through a haemogram is crucial for maintaining overall health and ensuring timely intervention when necessary.

Urine Routine

A Urine Routine, also known as a urinalysis, is a basic diagnostic test that examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine to assess overall health and detect various medical conditions. The physical examination evaluates urine color, clarity, and odor, providing initial insights into hydration status and potential infections. The chemical analysis checks for substances like pH, glucose, protein, and ketones; for example, the presence of glucose can indicate diabetes, while elevated protein levels may suggest kidney dysfunction. The microscopic examination looks for red and white blood cells, bacteria, crystals, and casts, which can indicate urinary tract infections, kidney stones, or other renal issues. By combining these evaluations, a Urine Routine serves as an essential tool for diagnosing health problems, monitoring chronic conditions, and guiding treatment decisions effectively. Regular urinalysis can help detect underlying issues early, making it a vital component of routine health assessments.

Fasting Blood Glucose

Fasting blood glucose is a test that measures the level of glucose in your blood after an overnight fast of at least 8 hours. This test is essential for assessing how well your body manages blood sugar levels and is commonly used to diagnose and monitor diabetes and prediabetes. Normal fasting blood glucose levels typically range from 70 to 99 mg/dL. Levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL indicate prediabetes, while a reading of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests suggests diabetes. The test is simple and quick, requiring only a blood sample, and it helps healthcare providers determine the best approach to managing blood sugar and overall health. Regular monitoring of fasting blood glucose is crucial for those at risk of or living with diabetes to prevent complications and ensure effective management.

Lipid Profile

A Lipid Profile is a blood test that measures the levels of various types of fats (lipids) in the bloodstream, providing essential information about cardiovascular health. Key components of the lipid profile include total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. Total cholesterol levels should ideally be below 200 mg/dL, while LDL cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, should be less than 100 mg/dL to reduce the risk of heart disease. In contrast, HDL cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol, should be above 60 mg/dL for protective effects. Triglycerides, another type of fat, should typically be below 150 mg/dL. By analyzing these components, the lipid profile helps assess an individual's risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular conditions, guiding healthcare providers in recommending lifestyle changes or treatments to improve heart health. Regular monitoring of lipid levels is crucial for effective management of cardiovascular risks.

Urea

Urea is a waste product formed in the liver through the breakdown of proteins and amino acids. It is transported through the bloodstream to the kidneys, where it is filtered out and excreted in urine. Measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels is a common way to assess kidney function, as elevated levels can indicate impaired kidney performance, dehydration, or increased protein metabolism. In addition to its role in evaluating kidney health, urea levels can provide insights into liver function and dietary protein intake. Monitoring urea is essential for diagnosing various medical conditions and guiding treatment decisions, especially in patients with kidney disease or those on high-protein diets.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a critical hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the production of thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), from the thyroid gland. TSH plays a vital role in maintaining metabolic balance, influencing various bodily functions such as energy levels, growth, and temperature regulation. Measuring TSH levels is a standard practice in assessing thyroid function, as abnormal levels can indicate conditions such as hypothyroidism (high TSH levels due to low thyroid hormone production) or hyperthyroidism (low TSH levels due to excessive thyroid hormone production). Regular monitoring of TSH is particularly important for individuals with known thyroid disorders or those undergoing treatment, as it helps guide therapeutic decisions and ensures optimal thyroid health. TSH testing is often conducted alongside T4 and T3 measurements for a comprehensive evaluation of thyroid function, aiding in the early detection and management of thyroid-related conditions.

Creatinine

Creatinine is a waste product generated from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue, produced at a relatively constant rate depending on muscle mass. It is primarily cleared from the blood by the kidneys, making it a key indicator of renal function. Measuring serum creatinine levels is crucial for assessing kidney health; normal levels can vary based on factors such as age, sex, and muscle mass. Elevated creatinine levels may indicate impaired kidney function or kidney disease, as the kidneys are unable to effectively filter it from the blood. Additionally, creatinine clearance tests, which compare serum creatinine levels to urine creatinine excretion, can provide a more comprehensive evaluation of kidney function. Regular monitoring of creatinine is vital for diagnosing renal conditions, guiding treatment decisions, and assessing the effectiveness of therapies in patients with kidney-related issues.

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT)

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), also known as Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), is an enzyme primarily found in the liver, with smaller amounts present in the kidneys, heart, and skeletal muscles. It plays a vital role in amino acid metabolism, facilitating the conversion of alanine and ?-ketoglutarate into pyruvate and glutamate. Measuring ALT levels in the blood is a key indicator of liver health and function, as elevated levels often signal liver inflammation or damage. Elevated ALT levels are commonly associated with conditions such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and liver toxicity due to medications or alcohol. Unlike Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), ALT is more specific to the liver, making it a valuable marker for assessing liver injury. Regular monitoring of ALT levels is essential for individuals at risk of liver disease, allowing healthcare providers to detect liver dysfunction early and implement appropriate interventions to safeguard liver health.

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, SGOT)

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), also known as Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, heart, muscles, and kidneys. It plays a crucial role in amino acid metabolism by facilitating the conversion of aspartate and ?-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and glutamate. Measuring AST levels in the blood is commonly used to assess liver health and diagnose liver-related conditions, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver damage due to alcohol or drugs. Elevated AST levels may indicate liver injury or dysfunction, but they can also be elevated in conditions affecting the heart or muscles, such as myocardial infarction or muscle trauma. Because AST is not specific to the liver, healthcare providers often interpret AST results alongside other liver enzymes, such as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), to obtain a clearer picture of liver function and overall health. Regular monitoring of AST levels can be beneficial for individuals with liver disease or those at risk, aiding in the early detection and management of potential complications.